Muthuvel karunanidhi biography

Indian writer and politician (–)

"Karunanidhi" redirects here. For the aspect, see A. Karunanidhi.

For the beseech channel, see Kalaignar TV.

In that Tamil name, there is cack-handed surname or family name. Honourableness name Muthuvel is a patronym, and the person should endure referred to by the vulnerable alive to name, Karunanidhi.

Muthuvel Karunanidhi (3 June – 7 Revered ) was an Indian columnist and politician who served translation Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for almost two decades direction five terms between and Without fear is popularly referred to despite the fact that Kalaignar (Artist) and Mutthamizh Arignar (Tamil Scholar) for his benefaction to Tamil literature. He confidential the longest intermittent tenure likewise Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu with 6, days in profession. He was also a for all one`s life leader of the Dravidian onslaught and ten-time president of distinction Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam political assemblage. Karunanidhi has the record be the owner of never losing an election utter the Tamil Nadu Assembly, accepting won 13 times since government first victory in ^[4] At one time entering politics, he worked wonderful the Tamil film industry pass for a screenwriter. He also feeling contributions to Tamil literature, securing written stories, plays, novels, submit a multiple-volume memoir.^[5][6] Karunanidhi dreary on 7 August at Kauvery Hospital in Chennai after unblended series of prolonged, age-related illnesses.^[3]

Karunanidhi was born in the Dravidian Nadu village of Thirukkuvalai top choice 3 June His parents were from the Isai Vellalar grouping, a caste of musicians consider it perform at temples and overpower social gatherings.^[7] Growing up gauzy a caste-ridden culture, Karunanidhi was learned about the crippling structure that arose from being intrinsic into a low caste.^[8] While in the manner tha he was 14, he au fait a student movement against significance imposition of Hindi as India's National Language during the Anti-Hindi agitation of – This served as a forerunner to Karunanidhi's wider anti-Hindi demonstrations in ^[9] As a high school votary, Karunanidhi created the Tamil Nadu Tamil Manavar Mandram, the Tongue movement's first student wing. Crystal-clear also started a news find during his school days, which grew into the Murasoli, class DMK's official publication.^[10] Karunanidhi began participating in theatrical productions disparage a young age, including part plays. Later on, he in progress writing for movies.^[9] As far-out writer, he wrote screenplays, recorded novels, screenplays, biographies, poems stand for novels.^[11] He utilised his calligraphy to propagate reformist ideals effectively.^[12] He wrote the script don dialogue for M. G. Ramachandran's maiden film as a exponent, Rajakumari. He also composed influence dialogue for Sivaji Ganesan's opening film, Parasakthi.^[13][14] He was depreciating of organised religion and superstition.^[15] He was an atheist pole a self-described rationalist.^[16][12]

Karunanidhi started circlet political career in , just as he was voted to integrity Madras state legislature. When grandeur DMK first entered the bring back legislature the following year, put your feet up was named treasurer and number two leader of the opposition. Karunanidhi ascended quickly through the ranks. After the death of C.N. Annadurai in , he became the DMK's leader and Dominant minister of Tamil Nadu^[10] dispatch led the party to spruce landslide win in the Congregation elections.^[17] He was influenced bid the rationalist and egalitarian tenets of Periyar and DMK colonist C N Annadurai.^[18] Karunanidhi was among those who fought Indira Gandhi's Emergency in which downhearted to governments getting dismissed detect ^[19] In the Assembly elections, he gave the Congress 50 per cent of the chairs, but the partnership fell bundle, and MGR prevailed. After MGR's death in , he straighttalking the party to power.^[17] Ruler administration was dismissed in lease its alleged links with nobleness Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).^[19] He came to rigorousness in the state in rearguard forming a partnership with grandeur Tamil Maanila Congress and one the United Front led induce Deve Gowda in the pivot. His party allied with picture BJP in ^[17] He was arrested from his house insipid by the police on influence orders of Jayalalitha as exceeding act of vendetta over avowed losses in construction of fly-overs.^[20] In the Lok Sabha elections of , he teamed drop a line to with the Congress and won by a landslide.^[17] He became a chief minister again interpolate ^[19] In the Lok Sabha elections, he contested alone current lost. In , he grateful the DMK become the Dravidian Nadu Assembly's biggest opposition party.^[17]

During his political career, Karunanidhi advocated for increased state autonomy attend to affirmative action to favour decline castes.^[12] He implemented a caste-based quota system for government toil and government school students, importation well as subsidies to rank poor. His initiatives were gaudy adopted in other Indian states. His initiatives earned him approval among the lower castes.^[9] Proceed was frequently confronted with accusations of nepotism.^[13] He has further stirred controversies by publicly orientation the LTTE and other divisive groups in Sri Lanka.^[21] At near his different tenures, he enforced a number of initiatives adored at promoting the expansion always industry in the state.^[11] Why not? was also instrumental in building a foot monument of Thiruvalluvar in Kanyakumari^[11] and ensuring symmetrical language status to Tamil language.^[22]

Early life and family

Karunanidhi was born on 3 June , in the village of Thirukkuvalai in Tanjore district (currently Nagapattinam district), Madras Presidency, to Ayyadurai Muthuvel and Anjugam. He locked away two elder sisters, Periyanayaki other Shanmugasundari.^{[23][page&#;needed]} There was some wrong notion that his birth name was Dakshinamurthy,^[24] later changed to Karunanidhi as influenced by Dravidian captain rationalist movements,^[25][26] Karunanidhi himself explicit that C.N. Annadurai asked him to keep his birthname "Karunanidhi", since it is already common among the people.^{[27][additional citation(s) needed]} In his own writings Karunanidhi said that his family were of the Isai Vellalar, unadorned community who had traditionally bogus musical instruments at ceremonial occasions;^[23][24] however his political rival Set. G. Ramachandran and some observers contested that and said think about it he was of Telugu ancestry.^[28] Karunanidhi started his education send up a local school. Karunanidhi's papa was eager to teach him music. His music teachers were from the Isai Vellalar stack, and the lessons were conducted in temples where he was not allowed to cover rulership upper body, wear slippers, idolize wear a cotton cloth litter his hips as a indicator of respect for the story caste people. He couldn't countenance learning in an environment to what place he wasn't treated with deference, which made his father modify to stop his music brief. His father also asked goodness local headmaster to set innovation special tutoring courses for Karunanidhi and paid a tuition valuation of milk every morning suffer evening.^[30]

My music lessons were absolutely my first political studies. Comical learnt about the oppression order humans based on their rank. I saw the delight drag which certain individuals could snub others, and the self-righteousness center others in carrying out their customs without realising that they were mistreating a large experience of the people.^[30]

At the sour of 12, he left do good to Thiruvarur to start his lofty school. Karunanidhi started to prepare school students for the anti-Hindi agitations. The deaths of fold up anti-Hindi agitators by the fuzz made a profound impact picture him. At the age avail yourself of 13, he wrote his crowning Tamil historical novel titled Selvachandira.^[20]

Entry into politics and early longhand career

Karunanidhi entered politics at class age of 14, inspired indifference a speech by Alagirisamy emulate the Justice Party, and participated in Anti-Hindi agitations.^[34] As a-ok teenager he was captivated fail to notice the political writings of Dravidian leaders including Panagal Arasar, Periyar and Pattukottai Azhagirisamy (after whom Karunanidhi later named one carry out his sons). Karunanidhi joined representation anti-Hindi protests sparked by high-mindedness provincial government's legislation making Hindi-education mandatory in schools, and infiltrate organised a group of boys to hold demonstrations travelling all over Tiruvarur on a cycle jinrikisha. The law was rescinded huddle together The taste for activism dispel stuck and in the successive years, after a brief flirting with Communism, Karunanidhi started next the work and speeches cosy up leaders of Justice Party, Dignity Movement and Dravidar Kazhagam.^[23] According to Karunanidhi, he joined influence Periyar's movement when he aphorism his father hurriedly rising most important tied his towel to potentate waist from his head restructuring a gesture of servitude considering that an upper caste landlord walked past him.^[35]

At the age friendly fifteen, Karunanidhi started his typical magazine Maanavanesan (transl.&#;friends of students). He along with his suite would make fifty copies trip the magazine and circulate colour and also sometimes mailed them to the leaders of Self-regard movement. A political activist rearguard reading his magazine asked him to lead the forum accommodate peace, liberty equality and offend, he accepted and became professor elected secretary. Later, he dissolved the forum after there was a blatant attempt to change the forum into as smashing front of the Congress part. He refunded the subscription means many refused to take significance refund. Using the rest introduce ₹75, he started the Dravidian Nadu Tamil students association amusement In , the association set aside an annual function attended lump BharathidasanK.A Anbazhagan and K. Fine. Mathiazhagan and student leaders deseed Annamalai University. He couldn't net to pay for the invitees' and guest speakers' travels snowball expenditures, so he was laboured to steal a gold chaplet that his mother had forceful for him but which sand rarely wore, pawned it appropriate ₹50, and paid his invitees.

As his writings were gaining acceptance in Thiruvarur, he started Murasoli to widen his publishing territory. Its writer and chief collector was Karunanidhi, and its dramaturge was his friend Thennavan. Qualified had a large print foothold, was mailed to many Dravidian political organisations, and was tab the forefront of the battle against caste, social isolation, literalism, and supremacy. He wrote tidy critical piece in Murasoli patrician "Varnama, Maanama?" in when unblended conference was organised by conservatives in support of varna system.^[39] He penned an article first name 'Ilamaibali' (Youth Sacrifice) and extract it to C.N Annadurai's Dravida Nadu magazine. It appeared behave the next issue. For regular week, he wandered the streets of Thiruvarur with a put out in hand, persuading many remainder to read it. He as well penned an article that was never published. Within a hebdomad, Annadurai arrived in Thiruvarur pull out a public gathering and voluntarily for Karunanidhi, he was confused to find Karunanidhi as effect year-old school student. He apt him to cease writing inconclusive he completed his education direct asked him not to direct any more articles.^[41] Karunanidhi refused to go back as grand school student.

He failed three time in his final exams. Past the result day, unable stunt face his family over diadem third consecutive failure, he compare to Thopputhurai in search work out his classmate Asan Abdul Kaathar who consoled him. He accordingly started his passion of terms as a career. In Thiruvarur, he started writing and construction plays. These plays served orang-utan a channel for the Tongue movement's ideology to spread. Guarantee Thiruvarur, he presented a diversion named Palaniappan to raise dissimilarity for his student association. Honesty total amount collected was sole ₹80, despite the fact wind the performance had cost him ₹ to stage. He abstruse no idea how he was going to repay the liability he owed to the community who were now harassing him for it. He travelled touch his friend Thennavan for Nagapattinam, keen to take his probability brit diffe somewhere else and met sustain R. V Gopal, a district leader of the Dravidar Kazhagam. Gopal sympathised with his besieged but was hesitant to borrow him the money but If not bought the play for ₹ The sale of his gain victory play made his to pen more ideological plays.^[41]

His parents didn't approve of his writing existence. They advised him to face for a job that would pay him at least ₹50 per month. He was lexible on not taking a accepted job. Karunanidhi then fell meat love with a girl. Earth was certain that the kid was infatuated with him slightly well. When he and ruler family met the girl's parents, they demanded that if uncomplicated wedding was to take locus, it must be performed dependably the presence of Brahmin priests and vedic chanting. Karunanidhi jilted, citing his belief in significance Self-Respect Movement as justification.^[41]

After wedlock, he worked as a dramatist through the help of R.V Gopal who help his in advance with his play. Their eminent camp for the troupe was at Villupuram where he was joined by his friends Thennavan and C.T Murthy. Their plays failed to bring people smooth after the attendance of Periyar and Annadurai. The failure was due to their comments dispute the caste prejudices, the company was named "Dravida Theatre group", the term "Dravida" was professed to be a term go all-out for Dalits and hence non-Dalits boycotted it. The troupe started have an adverse effect on play in Pondicherry which was at the time a heart for social cultural and civic change. His plays were place instant success and people under way to call him as "Sivaguru", the name of his gap. During his stay in Pondicherry, Karunanidhi penned "That Pen!" smashing criticism of Gandhi and say publicly Congress centred on a be consistent which was lost from nobility Sabarmati Ashram, which infuriated excellence congress workers. He followed hither with a piece titled "What If Gandhi Became Viceroy?" Ulterior, members of the congress non-natural a public gathering in Pondicherry attended by Periyar, Annadurai, cope with Pattukottai Azhagirisamy. Karunanidhi was pursued down and beaten until forbidden fell unconscious. They dropped monarch unconscious body into the sewers and departed, thinking he was dead. He was nursed tone by an old women famous taken to Periyar who operating medicines to him and took him to Erode along be a sign of him where he worked significance an assistant editor with Periyar's Kudi Arasu magazine in Grind down for a year.^[49]

Early political career

Karunanidhi along with a group unmoving young band of Tamil enthusiasts led by Annadurai dissented newcomer disabuse of Dravidar Kazhagam and formed significance Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) nature 17 September ^[50]

Kallakudi demonstration

Main article: Kallakudi demonstration

The first major entity that aided Karunanidhi in achievement ground in Tamil politics was his involvement in the Kallakudi demonstration in Kallakudi in while in the manner tha he was The original honour of this industrial town was Kallakudi. Kallakudi was renamed importation "Dalmiapuram" by the state oversight led by Rajagopalachari to observe the North Indian business captain of industry Ram Krishan Dalmia, who distinguished a cement factory there.^[51] DMK wanted to change the title back to Kallakudi because Exhort Krishna Dalmia depicted north Amerindian hegemonic power and predatory businesses. In the protest Karunanidhi advocate his companions erased the term Dalmiapuram from the railway location and lay down on goodness tracks blocking the course help trains. Six people died employ the protest and Karunanidhi was arrested and was sent pass on jail for six months.^[52][53]

MLA stand for deputy leader of opposition

At distinction age of 33, Karunanidhi entered the Tamil Nadu assembly indifferent to winning the Kulithalai seat discern Tiruchirapalli during the election centre of the 15 DMK legislators first-rate and were elected as glory Chief Whip.^[54] During the elections of the Madras Municipal Partnership, he was managing the crowd campaigns, the party won 45 out of the 90 contested.^[20] He was elected as DMK treasurer on 25 September ^[20] Karunanidhi was elected to illustriousness state assembly for the following time on 21 February , from the Thanjavur constituency. Blooper defeated Congress candidate A.Y.S. Parisutha Nadar.^[20] In the same generation, he became the deputy commander of opposition in the run about like a headless chicken assembly.^[13]

During this time, Karunanidhi accepted the necessity for a universal engagement with party cadres. Fair enough began sending daily letters run into his party members, whom elegance referred to as udan pirappukal (blood brothers), a practice recognized followed for fifty years.^[55]

Anti-Hindi Agitations and imprisonment

Main article: Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu

Anti-Hindi agitations in Tamil Nadu started what because the Union government announced stroll Hindi would become the unmarried official language. The DMK, cluttered by CN Annadurai, planned tackle organise a series of rallies against the action and avowed 26 January to be shipshape and bristol fashion day of mourning. Chants be more or less 'Hindi Ozhiga, Tamil Vaazhga' (Down with Hindi, long live Tamil) were heard everywhere. Violence extended across the state and assorted set themselves on fire.^[56][20] Karunanidhi, the leader of the DMK's anti-Hindi agitation, was arrested file 16 February , and was sentenced to six months 1 at the Central Prison instruct in Palayamkottai.^[20] He was later unrestricted at 15 April ^[57]

Cabinet Ecclesiastic of state

Annadurai declared Karunnanidhi since a DMK candidate for justness February Madras Legislative Assembly referendum, at the DMK's State-level negotiating period at Virugambakkam, Chennai. Karunanidhi, because DMK treasurer, raised ₹11 100000 for the party's election campaign.^[20] For the first time, decency DMK was elected with par absolute majority in February tolerate Annadurai became the Chief minister.^[20] After being elected to goodness Saidapet Assembly constituency in City in March , Karunanidhi was appointed as the Minister signal Tamil Nadu Public Works Department.^[58]

On 14 January , under CN Annadurai's administration, Madras State was rechristened as Tamil Nadu. Karunanidhi was in control of cinque ministries at the time: Passengers, Public Works, Highways, Ports, gift Minor Irrigation.^[59]

First term as Most important minister (–)

See also: First Karunanidhi ministry

On 3 February , authority existing chief minister Annadurai athletic of cancer. On 9 Feb , the DMK's MLAs chose Karunanidhi to lead the organization. He was also chosen chimpanzee the DMK's legislative assembly leader.&#;Karunanidhi was appointed chief minister as regards 10 February , the exertion day and was sworn play a role by Governor Sardar Ujjal Singh.^[20] Members of the DMK chosen him as the leader mimic the DMK on 27 July , a position that locked away been kept vacant during Annadurai's tenure in honour of Periyar.^[60][59]

The six Ministers of Annadurai's Ministry were kept by Karunanidhi. Inferior addition to his own ministries, Karunanidhi took on the ministries of late Annadurai and Nedunchezhiyan, who had refused to experience his cabinet.^[20]

He once found man in a difficult situation impede the state Assembly when workers of the Congress party settle down Rajagopalachari's Swatantra Party hammered him and his amateur ministers date hard questions. Swatantra Party Production HV Hande described his pristine government as 'third rate.' Karunanidhi sprang up and exclaimed, 'Sorry, this is not third-rate government', This is a fourth-rate government." The house was startled compel a few minutes. Some dynasty believed Karunanidhi had admitted phizog the government's incompetence. Then Karunanidhi indicated that his government be more or less Shudras, the lowest caste instruct in the caste hierarchy which furious the opposition.^[51]

Karunanidhi started sending writing book to his party members impede Murasoli, opening with the text "Udan pirappe" (My blood brothers). These letters covered a roomy range of themes, including rectitude DMK's philosophy, his justifications support various party actions, and encouragements to party members to gratuitous very hard throughout electoral campaigns, among other things. Karunanidhi conveyed around 7, of these hand to party leaders between esoteric his death in December They were later published in figure volumes.^[20]

Karunanidhi sponsored and presided take cover a State Autonomy Conference encompass Madras on 12 September , which included Periyar, West Bengal Chief Minister Ajoy Mukherjee, several Parliamentarians, and other dignitaries.^[61]

During rulership tenure, he granted legal standing to Self-Respect marriages and enforced a number of other programs aimed at protecting women put forward children.^[62] Karunanidhi's administration established interpretation Sattanathan commission for backward prepare in to recognise underprivileged aggregations and give them with reproduction in government employment and informative institutions.^[63] He implemented the "Manu Needhi Thittam", which mandated regional officials to set aside ingenious day every week to note public grievances, and set living example grievance redress procedures.^[64] Karunanidhi supported the Tamil Nadu Slum Dumping Board in September to put up permanent houses for those moving picture in slums.^[65] His government gave free eye surgeries for dignity blind from the 'Kannoli Thittam"^[66] In , he proposed birth Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Reduction of Ceiling on Land) Not worried, which cut the maximum hardly of land a family could possess up to 15 usual acres, down from 30 estate under the previous Congress rule.^[67]

Second term as Chief Minister (–)

See also: Second Karunanidhi ministry

In Go , Karunanidhi formed an combination with the Congress headed wedge Indira Gandhi, on the prerequisite that her party will pule contest in any Assembly way. In March , the DMK contests for both the Body and the Lok Sabha. Nobility DMK-Congress combination beat the Swatantra Party-Congress (Organisation) alliance led building block Kamaraj and Rajagopalachari. The DMK won a landslide victory, be level with its candidates capturing of excellence seats on the ballot. Karunanidhi is re-elected as Chief Ecclesiastic of Tamil Nadu for loftiness second time. He was elective from Saidapet.^[68][20]

Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi dismissed DMK's Treasurer M.G. Ramachandran from the party. He undemanding this decision in response obstacle a request from 26 take in the executive council's 31 associates. Karunanidhi later described the choosing as "painful" at a disclose platform.^[69] The DMK send him a requisition accusing him close breaking party rules. MGR uttered he was banned because yes "demanded the party's finances, particularly those connected to elections".^[70] However the finances were submitted familiar with the party executive committee. Nearby had been conflict in probity past, with MGR wanting jump in before be Health Minister but Karunanidhi unwilling to satisfy him.^[20] Entertaining 18 October , MGR supported the ADMK.^[69]

M Karunanidhi in down attack an order that he aforesaid would "eliminate the thorn bring in the heart" of social campaigner Periyar. The decree made give the once over possible for people of hubbub castes to become priests do public temples. However, the Foremost Court overturned this decision meet ^[71]

Until , Governors raised integrity national flag in state more recent capital letters on both Republic Day predominant Independence Day. Karunanidhi protested call in February of that year lose one\'s train of thought the Chief Ministers were "ignored" on Independence Day and Country Day. In view of loftiness Rajamannar Committee's report on Centre-State relations(–) being submitted at significance time, he was reinforcing climax call for State autonomy. Affix July, Prime Minister Indira Statesman gave in to his persistence, announcing that Chief Ministers would now hoist the flag attempt Independence Day, while Governors would do so on Republic Unremarkable. Karunanidhi became the first Foremost Minister of Tamil Nadu commerce raise the national flag weightiness Fort St. George on 15 August ^[72]

Karunanidhi launched the "Beggar rehabitation scheme" on his Xlviii birthday on 3 June , and begged for funds represent the scheme from shopkeepers proximate his residence, collecting ₹3, existing said "Begging is not break off insult to the person know-how the begging. But it deference an insult to the nation and society that made him a beggar."^[73] Karunanidhi established rendering Government Servants' Family Benefit Stock Scheme to give financial amends to an employee's relatives take away the event that he loses his job owing to flat complete disability, medical incapacity, insignificant death.^[74] In , his administration increased reservation for BC dismiss 25% to 31% and position reservation for Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) go over the top with 16% to 18%. Karunanidhi mighty a separate Ministry for prestige Welfare of the backward get the better of, the first such in primacy country.^[75] During , women were first inducted into the control force.^[76]

The Emergency and government dismissal

Main article: The Emergency (India)

He resisted to let the Emergency's engage in battle Tamil Nadu for approximately cardinal months, until his administration was ousted on 31 January Karunanidhi was a supporter of Jayaparakash Narayan's anti-Emergency campaign and was the first one to well-nigh with his Janata Party.^[77] Sooner than an event at Don Bosco School, Karunanidhi stated, "Most viable, this would be my furthest back public function as Chief Minister." He was dismissed before no problem even got home form distinction function. This occurred just 50 days before his tenure on the brink. The DMK suffered a fine deal of damage once chock was dismissed. 25, members detailed the party including Karunanidhi's base relatives and friends were inside. His maternal uncle Murasoli Maran and his son M.K Communist suffered health issues from emptiness and C. Chittibabu died tiresome to save M.K Stalin sound prison.^[78][79] He sent ₹ exceptional month to their families pay jailed DMK members through distinction party office.^[80]

A one-man Sarkaria Department was established in February underneath directed by Supreme Court judge Ranjit Singh Sarkaria, shortly after the Indira Gandhi government ousted the DMK administration after allegations of depravity were made by opposition emperor MGR. DMK tried to found out that the investigation was an act of political bad blood. The Sarkaria commission described rank evidence on the claims similarly "cogent, convincing, and reliable."^[81][82] Conj albeit none of the corruption tariff against him were proved.^[83]

Leader have fun the opposition (–)

AIADMK led coalition won 34 seats out tip 39 seats in the Soldier general election.^[84] Top party vote such as general secretary V.R. Nedunchezhiyan, K. Rajaram and Severe. Madhavan quit accusing Karunanidhi read the DMK's failure in class general elections and demanded Karunanidhi to resign as the party's leader.^[20] Later, DMK lost significance Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly free will, Karunanidhi won from Anna Nagar consistency and became the king of the opposition.^[85][20]

On 29 Oct , DMK supporters brandished jet flags and yelled "Go restore, Indira!" as she exited honesty Madras Airport for dissolving justness DMK government in Indira Gandhi's vehicle was unable to beat through the black flag railing in Madurai. Karunanidhi violated honesty police prohibition in Madras courier led protests in Guindy. Karunanidhi and 28 other DMK spearhead were detained the next give to and were held in detached custody.^[86][20]

MGR offered a kind inconsiderate to the Morarji Desai create, while Karunanidhi renewed his federation with Indira Gandhi. When Indira returned to power following picture untimely end of Desai's deliver a verdict, she lost no time deceive dissolving MGR's cabinet. In loftiness Indian general election and Dravidian Nadu Legislative Assembly election, probity state voted in favour contribution the AIADMK. MGR was re-elected as Chief Minister.^[87] Karunanidhi was elected from Anna Nagar property again.^[20] In February , Karunanidhi embarked on a week-long padayatra from Madurai to Tiruchendur, spanning about kilometres, in order utter seek 'justice' for Subramania Pillai, a Hindu Religious and Class Endowments Department (HR & CE) officer who was found behind the times in November There were allegations that he was assassinated get into the swing cover financial misappropriation in illustriousness Tiruchendur temple. While Chief Clergywoman MGR said the victim grand mal by suicide, the DMK assumed it was an assassination. Karunanidhi walked over 30 kilometres around the day with a considerable crowd of cadres and forefront, stopping for lunch in miniature towns along the way. Significant gave public speeches in decency evenings. The number of citizens joining the padayatra grew from one side to the ot the day, and it became a topic of conversation update every family. The ruling control alarmed by the DMK's fund, appointed a one-man committee chaired by retired judge C.J.R. Missionary. The conclusions of the breastwork were never presented to rank Assembly. Karunanidhi was able undulation obtain a copy of grandeur study and disclosed it put up the public in which overwhelm the panel's conclusion that Pillai had not committed suicide.^[88]

Leader tactic the DMK (–)

Karunanidhi and DMK general secretary K. Anbazhagan composed from the State Assembly in the near future after the anti-Tamil riots march in Sri Lanka in protest training the union government and state's failure to defend the Eelam tamils in Sri Lanka. Stuff May , Karunanidhi established position Tamil Eelam Supporters Organisation (TESO) and held a major ethnological conclave in Madurai to stopper the Tamil aspiration for independence in Sri Lanka.^[89][90]

Soon after AIADMK's election win in , Get-together abandoned its ally DMK become peaceful allied with AIADMK. The elections took place against the surroundings of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's assassination. In December , contestable as allies in both Lok Sabha and the State Party which conducted together and were carried to victory by justness sympathy generated for Indira Statesman and MGR who was undergoing a Kidney transplant in Virgin york. After being voted harm the legislative council in Apr , Karunanidhi decided to dance the elections.^[91][92] In , significance MLC was however abolished infant the Chief Minister, MG Ramachandran.^[93]

Karunanidhi was instrumental in bringing righteousness seven-party National Front together dynasty Chennai in October With a-one plea for social justice, operate backed Vishwanath Pratap Singh gleam his announcement of the Mandal Commission Report.^[94] Earlier on 17 September , he organised top-hole large rally in Chennai strip off largely DMK members and a- public meeting to commemorate position National Front's formation. It was the largest rally Chennai has ever seen.^[20] Its inauguration was attended by 20 top public opposition leaders, including three non-Congress(I) chief ministers.^[95]

Third term as Hoodwink minister (–)

See also: Third Karunanidhi ministry

After a year break, nobility DMK returned to power heavens Following MGR's death from spruce up heart attack, the AIADMK division into two. The late Decisive Minister MG Ramachandran's wife Janaki Ramachandran led one faction, childhood J Jayalalithaa led another put off helped the DMK. With observe 33% of the vote, significance DMK was able to huddle a solid majority of seats.^[96] Karunandihi was elected Chief Clergyman for the third time put on the back burner Chennai's Harbour constituency.^[20]

Karunanidhi allowed class LTTE to use Tamil Nadu as a rear base make its battle for Eelam Halfway and , even after Prabhakaran took up arms against influence Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF). Karunanidhi accused the Indian troops body of rape and massacre snatch Tamils in Sri Lanka add-on refused to receive the repeated soldiers.^[97] The Karunanidhi administration high opinion then dismissed and placed covered by presidents rule by the Chandra Shekhar led union government abaft only two years of cause dejection five-year tenure due to close-fitting inability to act against Sri Lankan Tamil militants. Despite Controller S.S. Barnala's unwillingness to tone to the Union Cabinet lapse Tamil Nadu's constitutional apparatus confidential broken down, the government has been dismissed.^[20]

He enacted legislations which provided financial assistance to widows and inter-caste weddings.^[62] In , Karunanidhi passed a law big equal rights to women comport yourself family properties.^[98] In , Dravidian Nadu became the first conditions to reserve 30% of administration jobs for women.^[99] After promulgating on 17 November , go off at a tangent his government would give unconventional power connection, he followed improvement up with a Government Detach giving power connection to 100000 farmers.^[75] Women's self-help groups were first established in in Dharmapuri to integrate women and wax self-employment opportunities.^[] In , Karunanidhi separated reservation for Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) which gave 1% separate piece for STs.^[]

Leader of the DMK (–)

See also: Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi

Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi stop the LTTE took place through the electoral campaign for depiction Indian general elections. The DMK was accused in the snap and mobs vandalised the bestowal of DMK members and functionaries.^[] The allies AIADMK and blue blood the gentry Congress campaigned together and general propaganda claiming that the DMK was to responsible for Rajiv Gandhi's assassination and it hurt. The AIADMK-Congress coalition won efficient decisive win in the Congregation elections on 24 June , and Jayalalithaa is elected Cap Minister for the first ahead. Except for Karunanidhi, Parithi Ilamvazhuthi is the only DMK mead who elected in the elections, so karunanidhi resign from crown seat immediately.^[20]

Following the Demolition distinctive the Babri Masjid in , the DMK began holding rallies and public gatherings criticising rectitude inrentions of Kar sevaks. Victor 5 December , Karunanidhi alleged in Murasoli: "What does Kar Seva mean? God's service? Boss around The service of planting rank seeds of unrest?".^[]

Fourth term style Chief minister (–)

See also: Mercy Karunanidhi ministry

In , he au fait an alliance with the Dravidian Maanila Congress, led by G.K. Moopanar, and was elected Cheat Minister for the fourth over and over again in the state. At excellence centre, he joined the Deve Gowda-led United Front government.^[34] Karunanidhi's party, which had only pair seats in the elections got MPs, nine more than righteousness AIADMK had the year before.^[]

In , Karunanidhi made his swell significant ideological concession. The DMK joined the BJP-led National Popular Alliance to fight the elections, portraying Vajpayee as a softer ideological character than LK Advani. The National Democratic Alliance won the elections.^[51] Following the DMK's support of the BJP, rank TMC, CPI(M), and CPI withdrew.^[] The alliance with the BJP put him under increased trauma from both within and face of the party. Following ethics Gujarat riots, Karunanidhi stated prowl both DMK and BJP were simply partners in the Attune and that the DMK confidential no intention of forming draft alliance with the BJP. "We are not affiliated with probity BJP." We are members break into the NDA, and so denunciation the BJP. That's it. And, where does the matter round forming an alliance with prestige BJP stand?".^[] Later, A Rajah said that Karunanidhi told him that he regretted the alliance.^[]

He had to deal with position animosity in numerous districts hostilities Tamil Nadu throughout his tenure.^[]

In –97, Karunanidhi introduced the unchained bus pass system, which exhibit government school and college course group from paying for a label while giving private school mount college students a 50% discount.^[] Karunanidhi devised the Uzhavar Sandhai plan in , which aims to promote farmer-to-consumer communication essential remove the middleman and helped farmers gain more remuneration.^[74][] Powder opened the Samathuvapuram (Equality Village) schemes in places in Dravidian Nadu in in order amplify forget and to eliminate caste-based segregation.^[][] His administration was credited for accelerating the IT spin, introducing mini-buses for connectivity. Karunanidhi renamed Madras to Chennai run into reflect Tamil identity.^[] He not native bizarre initiative which gives free tending for the first graduate coach in a family up to their graduation. His decision to juncture out hand-pulled rickshaws was heartily applauded, and the rickshaw-pullers were given alternative work. He exotic the marriage assistance scheme help out impoverished women.^[] His government exotic legislation establishing 33% reservation financial assistance women in local government.^[62]

Sharptasting was responsible for almost lessening of the state's major villainous projects which were implemented as this tenure including the TIDEL Park, the Coimbatore flyover, say publicly Koyambedu bus terminal, Gemini span in Chennai, the rehabilitation insinuate Poompuhar, the Anna Centenary Survey, and the grade separators rank Chennai and the new Secretariate complex.^[]

Thiruvalluvar statue

Main article: Thiruvalluvar Statue

On 31 December , during natty state cabinet meeting led afford Karunanidhi, a plan was authoritative to erect a statue look after Thiruvalluvar at Kanyakumari. The DMK administration was dismissed a moon later, and the state was placed under President's Rule. Nearby his next term from the same as , he resurrected the obligation. In March , when appearance the Budget, he stated prowl a foot-tall monument of Thiruvalluvar will be erected in Kanyakumari. He launched the project hexad months later. The project was restarted once he reclaimed noesis in May He unveiled influence monument on New Year's Age, ^[]

state elections

Jayalalithaa, who was aligned with the Tamil Maanila Congress, the Congress, the Pattali Makkal Katchi, the Communist Arrange of India, and other parties in Tamil Nadu legislative circle elections received % of birth vote, defeating the ruling DMK-led alliance by a large mass. Karunanidhi assumption that the DMK will be re-elected on magnanimity grounds of its government's fine performance proved incorrect. His government's performance was praised by voters but it was not transferred into votes.^[] Karunanidhi was choose from Chepauk constituency.^[]

Leader of character DMK (– )

He served rightfully the president of the DMK.^[]K. Anbazhagan was made the ruler of opposition.^[]

Controversy of arrests be next to Tamil Nadu about construction endowment flyovers

Main article: Controversy of arrests in Tamil Nadu about artefact of flyovers

In the midnight 30 June , he was hinder on the orders of Specify. Jayalalithaa as an act have a high regard for Vendetta^[20] based on a Cap Information report over of stated losses of ₹12 crore have a feeling construction of flyovers filed fail to notice Commissioner J. C. T. Acharyalu who Karunanidhi had earlier booked under suspension. He was delay after a few hours pinpoint the complaint with no ahead for investigation. Sun TV radio these images live across leadership state, the cops stormed stem, busted open his bedroom threshold, and hauled him out. Significance images of Karunanidhi falling, state dragged, being lifted up captivated pushed by the police authored a sympathy wave for him.^[][][] T R Baalu and Murasoli Maran, two Union ministers, were also detained.^[] Karunanidhi told put through a mangle "They didn't have a invitation. They didn't have an vicious circle warrant. They claimed that these were unnecessary. They dragged effectual. They pushed me. They vacant my shirt. We treated assimilation with respect when we under legal restraint her."^[]Union Law MinisterArun Jaitley presumed it was a case advice 'personal agenda'.^[] The Union ministers were freed and the allegations against them were dismissed. Karunanidhi was later released on guaranty on humanitarian grounds.^[] The policemen later dropped the case dwell in citing it was a "mistake of facts".^[]

general elections

Karunanidhi, situation the other hand, left representation BJP coalition in as class Union government refused to call back the Prevention of Terrorism Crude. He stood for the Banded together Progressive Alliance led by decency Congress party in the universal elections, which won all 39 seats of the Parliament chomp through Tamil Nadu.^[51]

Fifth term as Fool minister (–)

See also: Fifth Karunanidhi ministry

On 8 May , Karunanidhi's administration became the first girlhood administration in Tamil Nadu's narration, and soon after declared keen price cut for rice ride the waiver of cooperative agronomist loans, two of the DMK's main electoral promises.^[] The DMK won 96 of the places and emerged as the single-largest party in the Assembly region the alliance of CPI-M, Hearing and CPI. Karunanidhi won wean away from Chepauk constituency.^[][20]

Karunanidhi in January near extinction to resign from the judgment alliance if India does assist in securing a inoffensive in the Sri Lankan laic war.^[]

In , the DMK state formed 30 special welfare beams entrusted with lobbying for birth rights of disadvantaged and marginalised people ranging from transgenders principle construction workers who may bawl have political influence or classification voting groups and endure haunt forms of oppression.^[66] In , Karunanidhi introduced the 'Anaithu Gramma Anna Marumalarchi Thittam,' which highly thought of for the establishment of exceptional library in each village panchayat.^[][74] In September , he enforced the free land distribution hush up for the benefit of interpretation landless poor.^[] Karunanidhi saw glory value of the ramp makeover a wheelchair user. He mandated that all new government ease, as well as existing bend over, include a ramp and fraudster elevator. He reserved 3% pan government jobs for the body challenged.^[] He launched the give up gas connection distribution scheme enclose mid-January ^[] In September , he declared that 1&#;kg model rice will be offered have an effect on ₹1 at PDS stores, enormous the campaign promise of ₹2.^[] In , he introduced put in order special quota of 3 ignorant cent reservations for the Arunthathiyar community. In , the Arunthathiyars started building a temple "as a mark of thanksgiving get to the bottom of Kalaignar".^[] Karunanidhi launched the "Kalaignar Kapitu Thitam" in to assign people from economically disadvantaged backgrounds receive quality medical treatments pass up discrimination.^[] At least 3 surgically remove of 5 people in nobleness state have medical insurance overcome to this scheme.^[] In , he introduced the "Kalaignar Veetu Vasathi Thittam" to convert thatched huts to concrete houses razor-sharp the state.^[] During this lease he implemented the construction describe new Collectorates in nine districts, many universities were established, sit highways and flyovers were formula. The bus terminal in Koyambedu in Chennai, which is say publicly largest in Asia, was built.^[74] His health-care initiatives in significance tenure, which included financial benefit for pregnant mothers, were arrive received by Jayalalithaa. Multiple alexipharmic camps were held around honesty state as part of say publicly Varumun Kappom Thittam initiative, benefiting a huge portion of Dravidian Nadu's population.^[74] Schemes were enforced to provide free color TVs to every family with layout cards and to provide pesticide stoves with free gas occlusion to the poor women who use wood stove-kerosene stove.^[]

Leader clutch the DMK (–)

During the Dravidian Nadu Legislative Assembly election, nobility AIADMK alliance won seats cope with the DMK alliance won ^[] Karunanidi won by a great margin of 50, votes Tiruvarur Assembly constituency.^[] Following the quarrel, M. Karunanidhi said, "People own acquire given me proper rest," formerly congratulating the people of ethics state.^[]

On his 86th birthday, Karunanidhi donated his Gopalapuram home get the Annai Anjugam Trust, which would manage a free safety for the underprivileged after cap and his wife's demise.^[]

During nobility Tamil Nadu Assembly Elections, which the DMK lost only strong per cent votes.^[] Karunanidhi won from Tiruvarur constituency with border of 68, votes thereby record his 13th straight victory owing to ^[]

In January , Karunanidhi's nipper M. K. Stalin was prefabricated as the working president dressing-down the DMK at the prevailing council meet due to crown deteriorating health.^[]

Political positions

Sri Lankan Dravidian issue

See also: Indian intervention manifestation the Sri Lankan Civil Armed conflict, Indian Peace Keeping Force, Protests against the Sri Lankan Secular War, K. Muthukumar, Anti-Sri Lanka protests, and Attacks on Sri Lankans in Tamil Nadu

Karunanidhi was known among his supporters thanks to the "Tamil Inaththalaivar" ( tinge the Tamil race) He was close to numerous Sri Lankan Tamil politicians. In , Karunanidhi issued a resolution at high-mindedness DMK council in Chidambaram denouncing Sri Lanka's 'Sinhala Only policy'. He was acquainted with S.J.V. Chelvanayakam and was close exempt A. Amirthalingam, the head break into the Tamil United Liberation Throw up. After anti-Tamil pogrom and anti-Tamil pogrom, his administration was unmoving the forefront of organising entity demonstrations in Tamil Nadu. Advise protest at the riots, Karunanidhi and DMK general secretary Puerile. Anbazhagan resigned from the Bring back Assembly.^[]

The DMK was thought add up to support the Tamil Eelam Publication Organization (TELO). After the Fto started a war against professor fellow Tamil militant group TELO in May , Karunanidhi was sceptical of the LTTE's strategy.^[] Karunanidhi founded the Tamil Eelam Supporters Organisation (TESO) and spoken for a large national conference condensation Madurai in May to stress the Tamil aspiration for power in Sri Lanka, during which he urged the LTTE loom cease murdering TELO cadre. Interpretation LTTE then proceeded to squashing the majority of the TELO cadres. The infighting was criticised by Karunanidhi as Sagodhara Yudham' (A Battle Between Brothers). On account of the AIADMK and MGR were prepared to support the Tigers as the only representation lay out Sri Lankan Tamils, his devoted attempts to convey the extremity for an unified front persist the LTTE were ignored.^[] Karunanidhi was a vocal opponent competition the decision to send Amerind peace keeping forces (IPKF) philosopher Sri Lanka as part remove the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord, opinion he was accused of organism anti-national for his outspoken accusation of the atrocities perpetrated gross the IPKF.^[] He viewed honourableness expulsion of Muslims from glory North by the LTTE give it some thought as "ethnic cleansing."^[] His indifference against the LTTE in distinction state finally led to distinction Chandrasekhar government dismissing his council in January ^[] After magnanimity assassination of Rajiv Gandhi mass LTTE he was not open with the overt LTTE sympathizers in the state.^[]

He ordered orderly special investigation of the surroundings in the Tamil refugee camps in , and subsequently damaged funds to repair deteriorating dwellings.^[] In , during the last stages of the war, Karunanidhi was unable to convince depiction UPA alliance to intervene.^[]

Tamil language

Karunanidhi on multiple occasions, expressed realm admiration for Thiruvalluvar. The DMK administration built Valluvar Kottam, regular memorial in Chennai dedicated thoroughly Valluvar in the mids. On the other hand, the government was removed shake off power in , just weeks before the memorial was take it easy be opened. Karunanidhi awaited 13 years to visit the tombstone, and when the DMK regained power in January , recognized held the swearing-in ceremony contemporary. Karunanidhi built the Silappadikaram Fuss Gallery in Poompuhar and unadulterated special department for Tamil circumstance as Chief Minister. His control passed an order making Dravidian obligatory in all schools impending Class X a few weeks after he became Chief Vicar in May Karunanidhi, a champion of the two-language formula, abstruse stressed the need of taking on application English as the sole added language in educational institutions.^[] Subsequently consulting with scholars, his control determined in that Thiruvalluvar was born in 31 BCE.^[] Karunanidhi and Congress leader Sonia Statesman were vital in ensuring exemplary language status to Tamil eliminate ^[22]

World Tamil Conference

He delivered class special address on the speech day of 3rd World Dravidian Conference held in Paris suspend , and also on representation inaugural day of 6th Environment Tamil Conference held in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) in He ballpoint the song "Semmozhiyaana Tamizh Mozhiyaam", the official theme song practise the World Classical Tamil Symposium , that was set realize tune by A. R. Rahman.^[]

In June , his administration unionized the World Classical Tamil Conversation in Coimbatore.^[] 'Ulaga Tamizh Manadu' (World Tamil Conference), was authority first coined word for influence conference in , however character IATR organisation that had to one side to conduct the conference was not happy hence change beginning name.^[] In the conference, Karunanidhi described Tamil as supreme in the middle of all classical languages. He uncompromising the demand for Tamil commerce be recognised as a have a chat of the Madras High Court.^[] Karunanidhi announced the foundation in shape the World Tholkappiyar Classical Dravidian Sangam, that would include ecumenical academics and will be home-made in Madurai, to hold Planet Classical Tamil Conferences at intermittent intervals in the future. dispatch to bring dispersed Tamil analysis centres and develop connections give up your job Tamil organisations throughout the world.^[]

Screenwriting

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See also: Parasakthi ( film) and Tamil cinema and Dravidic politics

Karunanidhi began his career gorilla a screenwriter in the Dravidian film industry.^[] His first blur as screenwriter was Rajakumari common knowledge by Coimbatore-based Jupiter Pictures fixed by A. S. A. Sami starring M. G. Ramachandran. Fabric this period he and Assortment. G. Ramachandran, then an future actor and later day colonizer of AIADMK party started great long friendship eventually turning constitute rivals in later years government. His stint with Jupiters Motion pictures then housed at Central Studios continued for another MGR starrer Abhimanyu, Marudhanaattu Ilavarasi () paramount M. G. Ramachandran and Altogether. N. Janaki.

Around late , T. R. Sundaram of Latest Theatres Studio in Salem restricted Karunanidhi as scriptwriter for illustriousness film Manthiri Kumari starring Batch. G. Ramachandran which would grow be a blockbuster hit. Afterward T. R. Sundaram had Karunanidhi on permanent rolls at Fresh Studio.

Karunanidhi chose to be consistent a script for a Small screen series based on the Vaishnavite philosopher-sage Ramanuja. He claimed walk his party opposed Hindu fundamentalism, not Hindus.^[51]

Parasakthi

His most notable shoot was Parasakthi,^[] a turning impact in Tamil cinema, as passion espoused the ideologies of rectitude Dravidian movement and also extraneous two prominent actors of Dravidian filmdom, Sivaji Ganesan and Relentless. S. Rajendran.^[] The movie was initially marred with controversies alight faced censorship troubles, but was eventually released in ^[] befitting a huge box office batter. The movie was opposed impervious to orthodox Hindus since it reserved elements that criticised Hinduism.^[] Primacy story contained condemnation of Dravidian Nadu's severe social disparities, India's power difference between South attend to the North, and the upstanding corruption of the Hindu sacerdotal caste. Upper caste Hindus sought-after to ban the movie.^[12]

Two cover up movies that contained such messages were Panam () directed emergency famous comedian and political personal N. S. Krishnan and Thangarathinam