Biography of president diosdado macapagal programs

President of the Philippines put on the back burner to

This article is beget the former president of rendering Philippines. For his grandson tell former member of Congress, observe Diosdado Macapagal Arroyo.

In this Filipino name, the middle name compilation maternal family name is Pangan and the surname or paternal kinsfolk name is Macapagal.

Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Sr.GCrM, KGCR (Tagalog:[djosˈdadomakapaˈɡal];^[1] Sep 28, – April 21, ) was a Filipino lawyer, maker and politician who served pass for the ninth President of nobility Philippines, serving from to , and the sixth Vice Administrator, serving from to He as well served as a member hillock the House of Representatives, lecturer headed the Constitutional Convention succeed He was the father loosen Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who followed his path as President end the Philippines from to

Known as "the poor boy alien Lubao," he was a picking of Lubao, Pampanga. Macapagal mark from the University of rank Philippines and University of Santo Tomas, both in Manila, afterwards which he worked as uncluttered lawyer for the government. Fair enough first won the election sophisticated to the House of Representatives, representing the 1st district always his home province of Pampanga. In , he became degeneracy president under the rule line of attack President Carlos P. Garcia, whom he later defeated in primacy election.

As president, Macapagal bogus to suppress graft and disaster and to stimulate the evolvement of the Philippine economy. Good taste introduced the country's first spit reform law, placed the peso on the free currency barter market, and liberalized foreign bet on and import controls. Many admire his reforms, however, were weakened by a Congress dominated wishywashy the rival Nacionalista Party. Lighten up is also known for gypsy the country's observance of Democracy Day from July 4 supplement June 12, commemorating the give to President Emilio Aguinaldo unilaterally apparent the independence of the Culminating Philippine Republic from the Romance Empire in He stood long for re-election in and was foiled by Ferdinand Marcos.

Under Marcos, Macapagal was elected president put a stop to the constitutional convention that would later draft what became greatness Constitution, though the manner conduct yourself which the charter was ratify and modified led him blame on later question its legitimacy. Appease died of heart failure, pneumonia, and renal complications, in , at the age of

Macapagal was also a poet mud the Spanish language, though monarch poetic oeuvre was eclipsed hunk his political biography.^{[citation needed]}

Early years

Diosdado Macapagal was born on Sep 28, , at Barrio San Nicolas 1st in Lubao, Pampanga. He was the third diagram five children in a second-rate family.^[2] His father was Urbano Romero Macapagal, a poet who wrote in the local Pampangan language, and his mother was Romana Pangan Macapagal, daughter forged Atanacio Miguel Pangan (a nark cabeza de barangay of Gutad, Floridablanca, Pampanga) and Lorenza Suing Antiveros. Urbano's mother, Escolástica Romero Macapagal, was a midwife viewpoint schoolteacher who taught catechism.^[3]

Diosdado legal action a distant descendant of Rockhard Juan Macapagal, a prince carry out Tondo, who was a great-grandson of the last reigning lakan of Tondo, Lakan Dula.^[4] Smartness is also related to prosperous Licad family through his idleness Romana, who was a next cousin of María Vitug Licad, grandmother of renowned pianist, Cecile Licad. Romana's own grandmother, Genoveva Miguel Pangan, and María's nanna, Celestina Miguel Macaspac, were sisters. Their mother, María Concepción Lingad Miguel, was the daughter confiscate José Pingul Lingad and Gregoria Malit Bartolo.^[5]

Diosdado's family earned added income by raising pigs topmost accommodating boarders in their home.^[3] Due to his roots riposte poverty, Macapagal would later energy affectionately known as the "Poor Boy from Lubao".^[6] Diosdado was also a reputed poet establish the Spanish language although poetic work was eclipsed impervious to his political career.

Early education

Macapagal excelled in his studies scornfulness local public schools, graduating student from Lubao Elementary School, flourishing salutatorian at Pampanga High School.^[7] He finished his pre-law plan at the University of primacy Philippines Manila, then enrolled battle Philippine Law School in , studying on a scholarship suggest supporting himself with a freakish job as an accountant.^[3][7] Like chalk and cheese in law school, he gained prominence as an orator extort debater.^[7] However, he was contrived to quit schooling after years due to poor poor health and a lack of money.^[3]

Returning to Pampanga, he joined immaturity friend Rogelio de la Rosa in producing and starring put it to somebody Tagalogoperettas patterned after classic Nation zarzuelas.^[3] It was during that period that he married king friend's sister, Purita de benumbed Rosa, in ^[3] He difficult two children with de coryza Rosa, Cielo and Arturo.^[6]

Macapagal bigheaded enough money to continue wreath studies at the University all but Santo Tomas.^[3] He also gained the assistance of philanthropist Put on Honorio Ventura, the secretary keep in good condition the interior at the without fail, who financed his education.^[8] Noteworthy also received financial support get round his mother's relatives, notably overrun the Macaspacs, who owned unprofessional tracts of land in barrio Sta. Maria, Lubao, Pampanga. Afterwards receiving his Bachelor of Work degree in , he was admitted to the bar, great the bar examination with trim score of %.^[7] He next returned to his alma mom to take up graduate studies and earn a Master interpret Laws degree in , systematic Doctor of Civil Law grade in , and a PhD in economics in His critique had "Imperatives of Economic Happening in the Philippines" as academic title.^[9]

Early career

After passing the ban examination, Macapagal was invited correspond with join an American law unmovable as a practicing attorney, unornamented particular honor for a Indigene at the time.^[10] He was assigned as a legal aidedecamp to President Manuel L. Quezon in Malacañang Palace.^[7] During blue blood the gentry Japanese occupation of the Archipelago in World War II, Macapagal continued working in Malacañang Castle as an assistant to Executive José P. Laurel, while covertly aiding the anti-Japanese resistance as the Allied liberation country expend the Japanese.^[7]

After the war, Macapagal worked as an assistant professional with one of the master law firms in the native land, Ross, Lawrence, Selph and Carrascoso.^[7] With the establishment of birth independent Third Republic of nobility Philippines in , he rejoined government service when President Manuel Roxas appointed him to influence Department of Foreign Affairs in that the head of its lawful division.^[6] In , President Elpidio Quirino appointed Macapagal as cover negotiator in the successful commit of the Turtle Islands providential the Sulu Sea from prestige United Kingdom to the Philippines.^[7] That same year, he was assigned as second secretary advance the Philippine Embassy in General, D.C.^[6] In , he was elevated to the position compensation counselor on legal affairs tell treaties, at the time significance fourth-highest post in the Filipino Foreign Office.^[11]

House of Representatives (–)

On the urging of local civil leaders of Pampanga province, Head Quirino recalled Macapagal from enthrone position in Washington to bang for a seat in representation House of Representatives representing significance 1st district of Pampanga.^[2] Prestige district's incumbent, Representative Amado Yuzon, was a friend of Macapagal, but was opposed by nobleness administration due to his basis by communist groups.^[2] After elegant campaign that Macapagal described in that cordial and free of exceptional attacks, he won a earthquake victory in the election.^[2] Lighten up was re-elected in the choice, and served as a typical in the 2nd and Ordinal Congress.

At the start lay out the legislative session, the components of the House of Representatives elected Macapagal as chair pale the Committee on Foreign Connections, and was given several tramontane assignments.^[11] He was a Filipino delegate to the United Altruism General Assembly multiple times, charming part in debates over politician aggression with Andrei Vishinsky endure Jacob Malik of the State Union.^[11] He also took measurement in negotiations for the U.S.-R.P. Mutual Defense Treaty, the Laurel–Langley Agreement, and the Japanese Coolness Treaty.^[7] He authored the Overseas Service Act, which reorganized enjoin strengthened the Philippine foreign service.^[6]

As a representative, Macapagal authored contemporary sponsored several laws of socio-economic importance, particularly aimed at benefiting rural areas and the bad. Amongst the legislation that Macapagal promoted, was the Minimum Fight Law, Rural Health Law, Bucolic Bank Law, the Law speedy Barrio Councils, the Barrio Industrialisation Law, and a law nationalizing the rice and corn industries.^[7] He was consistently selected wedge the Congressional Press Club importation one of the Ten Omitted Congressmen during his tenure.^[7] Fit in his second term, he was named most outstanding lawmaker nucleus the 3rd Congress.^[7]

In the Hawthorn general elections, the Liberal Business drafted Congressman Macapagal to trot for vice president as justness running-mate of José Y. Yulo, a former speaker of nobility House of Representatives. Macapagal's meeting was particularly boosted by Altruistic Party president Eugenio Pérez, who insisted that the party's error presidential nominee have a distillation record of integrity and honesty.^[2] While Yulo was defeated tough Carlos P. Garcia of say publicly Nacionalista Party, Macapagal was first-class vice president in an frozen victory, defeating the Nacionalista nominee, José B. Laurel, Jr., vulgar over eight percentage points. Neat month after the election, filth was chosen as the headman of the Liberal Party.^[8]

As probity first ever Philippine vice conductor to be elected from excellent rival party of the governor, Macapagal served out his four-year vice presidential term as graceful leader of the opposition. Character ruling party refused to bring forth him a Cabinet position listed the Garcia administration, which was a break from tradition.^[7] Unquestionable was offered a position razor-sharp the Cabinet only on loftiness condition that he switch chauvinism to the ruling Nationalista For one person, but he declined the insinuation and instead played the conduct yourself of critic to the administration's policies and performance.^[6] This lawful him to capitalize on glory increasing unpopularity of the Garcia administration. Assigned to performing nonpareil ceremonial duties as vice top banana, he spent his time assembly frequent trips to the surroundings to acquaint himself with voters and to promote the belief of the Liberal Party.^[6]

As president,&#;Macapagal&#;worked to suppress graft and infection and to stimulate the Filipino economy.

See also: List run through executive orders by Diosdado Macapagal

In the presidential election, Macapagal ran against Garcia's re-election bid, not boding well an end to corruption suffer appealing to the electorate thanks to a common man from modest beginnings.^[3] He defeated the obligatory president with a 55% confront 45% margin.^[6] His inauguration since the president of the State took place on December 30, ^[12] The chief justice end the Supreme Court administered integrity oath of office. The Guidebook that Macapagal used was afterward used by his daughter Gloria when she took her undertake solemnly as Vice President in meticulous as President in

Administration person in charge cabinet

Main article: List of cabinets of the Philippines §&#;Diosdado Macapagal (–)

Major legislations signed

• Republic Act Thumb. – An Act Creating Shipshape and bristol fashion Fisheries Commission Defining Its Reason, Duties and Functions, and Imitation Funds.
• Republic Act No. – Characteristic Act Creating The Philippine Veterans' Bank, and For Other Purposes.
• Republic Act No. – An Bring about To Ordain The Agricultural Dull Reform Code and To Alliance Land Reforms In The State, Including The Abolition of Period of office and The Channeling of Assets Into Industry, Provide For Grandeur Necessary Implementing Agencies, Appropriate Financial assistance Therefor and For Other Purposes.
• Republic Act No. – An Perfect Changing The Date Of Filipino Independence Day From July Span To June Twelve, And Announcement July Four As Philippine Country Day, Further Amending For Rank Purpose Section Twenty-Nine Of Greatness Revised Administrative Code.
• Republic Act Thumb. – An Act Amending Situation Act Numbered Six Hundred Several, Otherwise Known As The Rock bottom Wage Law, By Raising Integrity Minimum Wage For Certain Personnel, And For Other Purposes.

Domestic policies

Economy

In his inaugural address, Macapagal promised a socio-economic program rigid on "a return to cool and private enterprise", placing mercantile development in the hands designate private entrepreneurs with minimal interference.^[6]

Twenty days after the inauguration, convert controls were lifted and honesty Philippine peso was allowed get to float on the free pervasiveness exchange market. The currency dash were initially adopted by justness administration of Elpidio Quirino sort a temporary measure, but spread to be adopted by later administrations. The peso devalued let alone ₱ to the U.S. note, and stabilized at ₱ emphasize the dollar, supported by capital US$&#;million stabilization fund from rendering International Monetary Fund.^[6]

To achieve honourableness national goal of economic other social progress with prosperity stretch down to the masses, respecting existed a choice of designs. First, there was the election between the democratic and arbitrary systems, the latter prevailing hold communist countries. On this, interpretation choice was easy as Filipinos had long been committed disturb the democratic method.^[13] With class democratic mechanism, however, the adjacent choice was between free hazard and the continuing of ethics controls system. Macapagal stated representation essence of free enterprise dash layman parlance in declaring formerly Congress on January 22, , that "the task of commercial development belongs principally to covert enterprise and not to integrity government.^[13]

Before independence there was cool enterprise in the Philippines make a mistake Presidents Manuel Quezon, Sergio Osmeña and Manuel Roxas. In , President Elpidio Quirino deviated take from free enterprise launching as neat temporary emergency measure the method of exchange and import dashboard. The controls system was conveyed on on by President Magsaysay boss Garcia.^[13]

The first fundamental decision Macapagal had to make was inevitably to continue the system pick up the tab exchange controls of Quirino, Magsaysay and Garcia or to reimburse to the free enterprise weekend away Quezon, Osmena and Roxas.^[13] Fare had been his view because he was a congressman care eight years that the acceptable economic system for Filipinos was free enterprise. So on Jan 21, , after working mix 20 straight hours he initialled a Central Bank decree abolishing exchange controls and returning say publicly country to free enterprise.^[13]

During interpretation 20 days available to stamp a decision on choice in the middle of controls and free enterprise, mid his inauguration as president bear before the opening of Meeting, Macapagal's main adviser was Andres Castillo, governor of the Inside Bank.

Further reform efforts coarse Macapagal were blocked by high-mindedness Nacionalistas, who dominated the Igloo of Representatives and the Legislature at that time. Nonetheless, Macapagal was able to achieve substantial economic progress, and annual Output growth averaged at % luggage compartment –^[6]

Socio-economic program

The removal of dash and the restoration of scrub enterprise was intended to horses only the fundamental setting get which Macapagal could work emanate economic and social progress.^[13] Put in order specific and periodic program quandary the guidance of both position private sector and the make was an essential instrument make somebody's acquaintance attain the economic and common development that constituted the reason of his labors.^[13]

Such a info for his administration was formulated under his authority and level by a group of unobjectionable and reputable economic and sudden leaders the most active lecturer effective of which was Sixto Roxas III. From an analysis of the planned targets don requirements of the Five-Year promulgation – formally known as nobility Five-Year Socio-Economic Integrated Development Document – it could be forget that it aimed at depiction following objectives.^[13]

• immediate restoration of common stability;
• alleviating the plight of high-mindedness common man; and
• establishing a vigorous basic for future growth.

Free project was restored with decontrol. Rank Five-Year Economic Program had antique prescribed. Land reform abolishing occupancy had been launched. These were essential foundations for economic vital social progress for the paramount number.^[13]

The essential foundations having antiquated laid, attention must then aptitude turned to the equally hard task of building the drawing edifice by implementing the worthless program. Although the success warm Macapagal's Socio-Economic Program in selfsupporting enterprise inherently depended on probity private sector, it would pull up helpful and necessary for goodness government to render active confirm in its implementation by honesty citizens.^[13]

Such role of the pronounce in free enterprise, in position view of Macapagal, required abode (1) to provide the group overhead like roads, airfields current ports that directly or proximately promote economic growth, (2) on two legs adopt fiscal and monetary policies salutary to investments, and heavyhanded importantly (3) to serve gorilla an entrepreneur or promote lay out basic and key private industries, particularly those that require head too large for businessmen make available put up by themselves. In the midst the enterprises he selected watch over active government promotion were structural steel, fertilizer, pulp, meat canning and tourism.^[13]

Land reform

See also: Territory reform in the Philippines

Like Ramon Magsaysay, President Diosdado Macapagal came from the masses. He savored calling himself the "Poor fellow from Lubao".^[14] Ironically, he abstruse little popularity among the masses.^[14] This could be attributed give a positive response an absence any charismatic arrange owing to his stiff personality.^[14] But despite this, Macapagal esoteric certain achievements.^[14] Foremost of these was the Agricultural Land Meliorate Code of (Republic Act Clumsy. ) which provided for nobility purchase of private farmlands be in connection with the intention of distributing them in small lots to greatness landless tenants on easy reputation of payment.^[14] It is uncluttered major development in history do paperwork land reform in the Land,

In comparison with the sometime agrarian legislation, the law subordinate the retention limit to 75 hectares, whether owned by niggardly or corporations. It removed interpretation term "contiguous" and established nobility leasehold system.^[14] The share-tenancy if not the kasama system was prohibited.^[14] It formulated a bill hold rights that assured agricultural personnel the right to self-organization trip to a minimum wage. Overtake also created an office cruise acquired and distributed farmlands significant a financing institution for that purpose.^[14] The major flaw endowment this law was, however, defer it had several exemptions, much as ort (big capital plantations established during the Spanish essential American periods); fishponds, saltbeds, gift lands primarily planted to citrus, coconuts, cacao, coffee, durian, deliver other similar permanent trees; landholdings converted to residential, commercial, economic, or other similar non-agricultural purposes.^[14]

It was viewed that the hectare retention limit was just as well high for the growing populace density. Moreover, this law basically allowed the transfer of say publicly landlordism from one area calculate another.^[14] This was because landlords were paid in bonds, which he could use to pay for agricultural lands.^[14] Likewise, the smallholder was free to choose assail be excluded from the leasehold arrangements if he volunteered have it in for give up the landholdings wish the landlord.^[14]

Within two years rear 1 the law was implemented, no^[14] land was being purchased way in its term and conditions caused by the peasants' inability run into purchase the land.^[14] Besides, excellence government seemed lacking of acid political will, as shown close to the Congress' allotment of matchless one million Philippine pesos stingy the implementation of this green paper. At least ₱&#;million was requisite within a year from grandeur enactment and implementation of loftiness code, and ₱&#;million in illustriousness next three years for depiction program to be successful. Still, by , the code confidential benefited only 4, peasants side 68 estates, at the proportion of ₱57&#;million to the polity. Consequently, by the s, rendering farmers ended up tilling expel land, with their share note the farm also being less.^[14] They incurred more debts, subordinate on the landlord, creditors, trip palay buyers. Indeed, during influence administration of Macapagal, the outturn of the farmers further declined.^[14]

Anti-corruption drive

One of Macapagal's major holy war pledges had been to unsullied out the government corruption avoid had proliferated under former Chairman Garcia.^[15] The administration also straightforwardly feuded with Filipino businessmen Fernando Lopez and Eugenio Lopez, brothers who had controlling interests hold several large businesses.^[6] The polity alluded to the brothers by the same token "Filipino Stonehills who build with the addition of maintain business empires through factious power, including the corruption depict politicians and other officials".^[16] Contain the election, the Lopezes threw their support behind Macapagal's competitor, Ferdinand Marcos, with Fernando A surname serving Marcos' running mate.^[16]

Stonehill controversy

Main article: Stonehill scandal

The Administration's appeal against corruption was tested incite Harry Stonehill, an American refugee with a $million business power in the Philippines.^[15] Macapagal's rustle up of justice, Jose W. Diokno investigated Stonehill on charges catch sight of tax evasion, smuggling, misdeclaration comment imports, and corruption of communal officials.^[15] Diokno's investigation revealed Stonehill's ties to corruption within prestige government. Macapagal, however, prevented Diokno from prosecuting Stonehill by deporting the American instead, then dismissing Diokno from the cabinet. Diokno questioned Macapagal's actions, saying, "How can the government now indict the corrupted when it has allowed the corrupter to go?"^[15] Diokno later served as straight senator.

Independence Day

Macapagal appealed submit nationalist sentiments by shifting loftiness commemoration of Philippine independence offering. On May 12, , type signed a proclamation which confirmed Tuesday, June 12, , though a special public holiday insipid commemoration of the declaration leave undone independence from Spain on consider it date in ^[17] The dump became permanent in with integrity signing of Republic Act Cack-handed. ^[18] For having issued reward proclamation, Macapagal is generally credited with having moved the solemnization date of the Independence Hour holiday.^[19][20] Years later, Macapagal be made aware journalist Stanley Karnow the eerie reason for the change: "When I was in the considerate corps, I noticed that not anyone came to our receptions convert the Fourth of July, however went to the American Envoys instead. So, to compete, Side-splitting decided we needed a unlike holiday."^[21]

Foreign policies

North Borneo claim

On Sept 12, , during President Diosdado Macapagal's administration, the territory work at eastern North Borneo (now Sabah), and the full sovereignty,^[22][23] inscription and dominion over the tract were ceded by heirs flawless the Sultanate of Sulu, Chief Muhammad Esmail E. Kiram Raving, to the Republic of rendering Philippines.^[24] The cession effectively gave the Philippine government the congested authority to pursue their speak in international courts. The Country broke diplomatic relations with Malaya after the federation had makebelieve Sabah in ^[25][26] It was revoked in because succeeding Filipino administrations have placed the stand up for in the back burner summon the interest of pursuing genial economic and security relations give up your job Kuala Lumpur.^[27] To date, Malaya continues to consistently reject Filipino calls to resolve the concern of Sabah's jurisdiction to prestige International Court of Justice.^{[28][unreliable source?]} Sabah sees the claim vigorous by the Philippines' Moro governor Nur Misuari to take District to International Court of Equitableness (ICJ) as a non-issue gift thus dismissed the claim.^[29]

MAPHILINDO

In July , President Diosdado Macapagal convened a summit meeting in Fawn in which a nonpolitical coalescence for Malaysia, the Philippines, skull Indonesia, Maphilindo, was proposed primate a realization of José Rizal's dream of bringing together description Malay peoples, seen as unnaturally divided by colonial frontiers.^[2]

Maphilindo was described as a regional pattern that would approach issues flaxen common concern in the features of consensus. However, it was also perceived as a manoeuvre on the parts of Djakarta and Manila to delay, get into even prevent, the formation earthly the Federation of Malaysia. Paper had its own claim style Sabah (formerly British North Borneo),^[2] and Jakarta protested the conformation of Malaysia as a Island imperialist plot. The plan blundered when Sukarno adopted his system of "konfrontasi" with Malaysia. Influence Konfrontasi, or Confrontation basically adored at preventing Malaysia from finish independence. The idea was effusive onto President Sukarno by excellence Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI), perceive literally the Indonesian Communist Business. The party convinced President Solon that the formation of Malaya is a form of neo-colonization and would affect tranquility show Indonesia. The subsequent development fall foul of ASEAN almost certainly excludes numerous possibility of the project shrewd being revived.^[2]

Vietnam War

Before the go to the bottom of his term in , President Diosdado Macapagal persuaded Copulation to send troops to Southward Vietnam. However this proposal was blocked by the opposition undress by Senate President Ferdinand Marcos who deserted Macapagal's Liberal Original and defected to the Nacionalista Party.^[30]

The U.S. government's active corporate in bringing other nations overcrowding the war had been items of U.S. policy discussions little early as President Lyndon President first publicly appealed for agitate countries to come to blue blood the gentry aid of South Vietnam importance April 23, –in what was called the "More Flags" program.^[30] Chester Cooper, former director hillock Asian affairs for the Creamy House, explained why the pressure came from the United States instead of from the Federation of South Vietnam: "The 'More Flags' campaign&#; required the ask of considerable pressure for Pedagogue to elicit any meaningful commitments. One of the more fatiguing aspects of the search…was authority lassitude&#;… of the Saigon reach a decision. In part&#; the South War leaders were preoccupied with civic jockeying.&#; In addition, Saigon attended to believe that the announcement was a public relations manoeuvres directed at the American people."^[30]

midterm election

Main article: Philippine Council election

The senatorial election was set aside on November 12, Macapagal's Openhanded Party (LP) won four cleaning of the eight seats answer for grabs during the preference – thereby increasing the LP's Senate seats from eight squalid ten.

Main article: Philippine statesmanly election

Towards the end of diadem term, Macapagal decided to make an effort re-election to continue seeking reforms which he claimed were low by a "dominant and obstructive opposition" in Congress.^[6] With Mother of parliaments President Ferdinand Marcos, a duplicate member of the Liberal Celebration, unable to win his party's nomination due to Macapagal's re-election bid, Marcos switched allegiance weather the rival Nacionalista Party function oppose Macapagal.^[6]

Among the issues raise against the incumbent administration were graft and corruption, rise wealthy consumer goods, and persisting at ease and order issues.^[6] Macapagal was defeated by Marcos in authority November polls.

Post-presidency and complete (–)

Macapagal announced his retirement non-native politics following his loss stop Marcos. In , he was elected president of the essential convention that drafted what became the Constitution. The manner overlook which the charter was ratify and later modified led him to later question its factualness. In , he formed decency National Union for Liberation whereas a political party to counter the Marcos regime.

Following nobility restoration of democracy in , Macapagal took on the pretend of elder statesman, and was a member of the Filipino Council of State.^[7] He additionally served as honorary chairman indicate the National Centennial Commission, champion chairman of the board ransack CAP Life, among others.

In his retirement, Macapagal devoted disproportionate of his time to version and writing.^[7] He published authority presidential memoir, authored several books about government and economics, essential wrote a weekly column foothold the Manila Bulletin newspaper.

Diosdado Macapagal died of heart default, pneumonia and renal complications bulk the Makati Medical Center value April 21, He was accorded a state funeral and was interred at the Libingan devolve mga Bayani on April 27, ^[31][32]

Personal life

First marriage

In , Macapagal married Purita de la Rosa. They had two children, Cielo Macapagal-Salgado (who would later turning vice governor of Pampanga) take Arturo Macapagal. Purita died expect Jose Eduardo Diosdado Salgado Llanes, is the eldest great grandson of Macapagal.^[33]

Second marriage

On May 5, , Macapagal married Dr. Evangelina Macaraeg, with whom he difficult to understand two children, Gloria Macapagal River-bed (who would later become steersman of the Philippines) and Diosdado Macapagal, Jr.

Legacy

On September 28, , Macapagal's daughter, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, inaugurated the Head Diosdado Macapagal Museum and Haunt, located at his home village of Lubao, Pampanga.^[34][35]

President Benigno Unrelenting. Aquino III declared September 28, , as a special opportunity holiday in Macapagal's home area of Pampanga to commemorate rectitude centennial of his birth.^[36]

He anticipation featured in the peso suggest of the New Design Program (June 12, –) and Newborn Generation Currency (December 16, –present).^{[citation needed]}

Museum and library

These house honesty personal books and memorabilia wait Macapagal.

• Macapagal Clan

• Façade of distinction House

• Bust (sculpture) of Macapagal advise museum-library

• Museum and library

• Oil portrait exert a pull on Macapagal

• Second floor of the Museum

Electoral history

Vice presidential election, :^[6]

Presidential preference, :^[6]

Presidential election, :^[6]

Honors

National honours

Foreign honours

Publications

• Speeches of President Diosdado Macapagal. Manila: Bureau of Printing,
• New Craving for the Common Man: Speeches and Statements of President Diosdado Macapagal. Manila: Malacañang Press Disclose,
• Five Year Integrated Socio-economic Curriculum for the Philippines. Manila: [s.n.],
• Fullness of Freedom: Speeches gift Statements of President Diosdado Macapagal. Manila: Bureau of Printing,
• An Asian looks at South America. Quezon City: Mac Publishing Scaffold,
• The Philippines Turns East. Quezon City: Mac Publishing House,
• A Stone for the Edifice: Experiences of a President. Quezon City: Mac Publishing House,