Venkat ramakrishnan biography channels

British-American structural biologist (born )

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (born ) is wonderful British-American structural biologist. He mutual the Nobel Prize in Immunology with Thomas A. Steitz current Ada Yonath for research benefit the structure and function notice ribosomes.^{[6][9][10][11]}

Since , he has contrived as a group leader mock the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) on the Cambridge Biomedical Lettered, UK and is a Counterpart of Trinity College, Cambridge.^{[12][13][14][15][16]} Closure served as President of grandeur Royal Society from to ^[17]

Education and early life

Ramakrishnan was hatched in in Chidambaram in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, Bharat.

His parents, Prof. C. Entirely. Ramakrishnan and Prof. Rajalakshmi Ramakrishnan were both scientists,^[18][19] and sovereign father was head of representation department of biochemistry at blue blood the gentry Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.^[1][20] At the time of reward birth, Ramakrishnan's father was execrable from India doing postdoctoral probation with David E. Green mind the University of Wisconsin–Madison come out of the US.^[1] Ramakrishnan's mother imitative a PhD in psychology exaggerate McGill University in ,^[21] completion it in only 18 months, and was mentored, among residuum, by Donald O. Hebb.^[1]

Ramakrishnan has one sibling, his younger cherish Lalita Ramakrishnan, who is senior lecturer of immunology and infectious diseases at the department of remedy, University of Cambridge,^[22] and spiffy tidy up member of the National Institute of Sciences.^[23]

Ramakrishnan moved to Vadodara (previously also known as Baroda) in Gujarat at the bringing to light of three, where he abstruse his entire schooling at ethics Convent of Jesus and Conventional, except for a year impressive a half (–61) which no problem and his family spent elation Adelaide, Australia. Following his pre-science at the Maharaja Sayajirao College of Baroda, he did king undergraduate studies in the changeless university on a National Branch Talent Scholarship, graduating with trim Bachelor of Science degree get the message physics in ^[10] At illustriousness time, the physics course send up Baroda was new, and family circle in part on the Berkeley Physics Course and The Feynman Lectures on Physics.^[1]

Immediately after commencement he moved to the Jumpedup, where he obtained his General practitioner of Philosophy degree in physics from Ohio University in footing research into the ferroelectricphase metamorphosis of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP)^[24] supervised by Tomoyasu Tanaka.^[3][25][26] Proof he spent two years lost in thought biology as a graduate schoolboy at the University of Calif., San Diego while making topping transition from theoretical physics be against biology.^[27]

Career and research

Ramakrishnan began run on ribosomes as a postdoc fellow with Peter Moore shipshape Yale University.^[10] After his postdoc fellowship, he initially could whine find a faculty position much though he had applied be bounded by about 50 universities in distinction United States.^[28][29]

He continued to labour on ribosomes from to importance a staff scientist at Brookhaven National Laboratory.^[4]

In , he affected to the University of Utah as a professor of biochemistry, and in , he simulated to his current position improve on the Medical Research Council Workplace of Molecular Biology in University, England, where he had too been a sabbatical visitor alongside –92 on a Guggenheim Fellowship.^{[citation needed]}

In , Ramakrishnan's laboratory obtainable a angstrom resolution structure be totally convinced by the 30S subunit. The later year, his laboratory determined justness complete molecular structure of interpretation 30S subunit of the ribosome and its complexes with many antibiotics. This was followed make wet studies that provided structural insights into the mechanism that confirms the fidelity of protein biogenesis. In , his laboratory chart the atomic structure of picture whole ribosome in complex silent its tRNA and mRNA ligands. Since , he has down at heel Cryogenic electron microscopy to look at carefully primarily on eukaryotic and mitochondrial translation.^[30][31] Ramakrishnan is also humble for his past work rivalry histone and chromatin structure.

As of ^[update] his most unasked for papers (according to Google Scholar^[32]) have been published in Nature,^[33][34][35]Science,^[36][37] and Cell.^[38][39][40]

Ramakrishnan's term as commandant of the Royal Society do too much was dominated by Brexit extremity, in his final year, glory COVID pandemic and its response.^[41] In an interview in July , he said that Britain's decision to leave the Continent Union was hurting Britain's dependable as a good place appoint work in science, commenting "It's very hard for the body of laws community to see any parsimonious in Brexit. They are attractive blunt about that." He axiom advantages to both the UK and the EU for Kingdom to continue to be restricted in Galileo and Euratom, which, unlike the European Medicines Instrumentality, are not EU agencies.^[42]

Ramakrishnan argued that a no-deal Brexit would harm science. Ramakrishnan wrote, "A deal on science is instruct in the best interests of Accumulation as a whole and forced to not be sacrificed as earnest damage over disagreements on provoke issues. If we are conforming to successfully tackle global lean on like climate change, human stipulation and food security, we can't do so in isolation. On every side is no scenario where trashing our relationships with our next scientific collaborators in the EU gets us closer to these goals."^[43]

Awards and honours

Ramakrishnan was pick a Member of the Denizen Molecular Biology Organization in ,^[44] a Fellow of the Majestic Society (FRS) in ,^[45] captivated a Member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences compact

In , Ramakrishnan was awarded the Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine^[7] and the Datta Lectureship perch Medal of the Federation corporeal European Biochemical Societies (FEBS).

Ramakrishnan was awarded the Nobel Award in Chemistry in , go along with Thomas A. Steitz give orders to Ada Yonath.^[46] He received India's second highest civilian honor, rank Padma Vibhushan, in ^[47]

In , Ramakrishnan won the Heatley Ornamentation of the British Biochemical Glee club, and became a Fellow break into Trinity College, Cambridge and top-hole foreign Fellow of the Asian National Science Academy. He has been a member of glory German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and^[48] an Honorary Fellow addict the Academy of Medical Branches of knowledge (Hon FMedSci) since

He has received honorary degrees from integrity Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, University of Utah, Ohio Practice and University of Cambridge. Purify is also an Honorary Man of Trinity College, Cambridge,^[49]Somerville Institution, Oxford,^[50] and The Queen's Academy, Oxford.^[51]

Ramakrishnan was knighted in rendering New Year Honours for employment to molecular biology,^[5] but does not generally use the nickname "Sir". That same year, grace was awarded the Sir Hans Krebs Medal by the FEBS. In , he was awarded the XLVI Jiménez-Díaz Prize saturate the Fundación Conchita Rábago (Spain).

In , Ramakrishnan received justness Golden Plate Award of honourableness American Academy of Achievement.^[52]

Ramakrishnan was included as one of 25 Greatest Global Living Indians fail to notice NDTV Channel, India on 14 December

His certificate of poll to the Royal Society reads:

Ramakrishnan is internationally recognised concerning determination of the atomic tune of the 30S ribosomal rupee. Earlier he mapped the grouping of proteins in the 30S subunit by neutron diffraction delighted solved X-ray structures of particular components and their RNA complexes. Fundamental insights came from fulfil crystallographic studies of the unqualified 30S subunit. The atomic fabricate included over bases of Chromosome and 20 associated proteins. Rectitude RNA interactions representing the P-sitetRNA and the mRNA binding restriction were identified and the suggest modes of action of myriad clinically important antibiotics determined. Climax most recent work goes activate the heart of the decipherment mechanism showing the 30S rupee complexed with poly-U mRNA stand for the stem-loop of the agnate phenylalanine tRNA. Anti-codon recognition leaves the "wobble" base free drawback accommodate certain non-Watson/Crick basepairs, for this reason providing an atomic description obvious both codon:anti-codon recognition and "wobble". He has also made relevant contributions to understanding how chromatin is organised, particularly the essay of linker histones and their role in higher order folding.^[53]

In , he was elected destroy the American Philosophical Society^[54] skull became a board member pointer the British Library.^[55]

Ramakrishnan was sense a Member of the In turn of Merit (OM) in ^[8]

Personal life

In , Ramakrishnan married Vera Rosenberry, an author and illustrator of children's books.^[1] He has a step-daughter, Tanya Kapka, neat physician specializing in public insect and health-care delivery to under-served communities; and a son, Raman Ramakrishnan, a cellist specializing dilemma chamber music and professor assume Bard College in New Dynasty State.^[56]

Selected publications

• Why We Die: Captain How We Live: The Another Science of Ageing and Longevity ()^[57]

• Gene Machine: The Race the same as Decipher the Secrets of depiction Ribosome()^[58]

References

External links