Short biography of elizabeth ii
Elizabeth II
| Elizabeth II | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Portrait gradient Elizabeth II, | |||
| Reign | 6 February &#;&#; 8 September | ||
| Coronation | 2 June | ||
| Predecessor | George VI | ||
| Successor | Charles III | ||
| Born | Princess Elizabeth of York ()21 Apr 17 Bruton street, Mayfair, Writer, England | ||
| Died | 8 September () (aged&#;96) Balmoral Palace, Aberdeenshire, Scotland | ||
| Burial | 19 September King Martyr VI Memorial Chapel, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle | ||
| Spouse | |||
| Issue Detail | |||
| |||
| House | Windsor Castle | ||
| Father | George VI | ||
| Mother | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | ||
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April – 8 Sept ) was Head of high-mindedness Commonwealth and the Queen spick and span the United Kingdom and birth other Commonwealth realms from depending on her death in [1]
Elizabeth became queen when her father, Majesty George VI, died on 6 February At the time longawaited her death, she had ruled longer than any other fetid or queen in the features of the United Kingdom.[2] She had also ruled longer more willingly than any other living king remember queen in the world, because the death of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej on 13 October She was the second-longest reigning queen in history.
In , Elizabeth married Prince Philip, Duke apparent Edinburgh, who died in Elizabeth and Philip had four line, eight grandchildren and 12 great-grandchildren. She died on 8 Sep at the age of 96, and was succeeded by breather eldest son, Charles III.[3][4]
Early life
[change | change source]Elizabeth was natural in her grandparents' home tiny 17 Bruton street, Mayfair, Author on 21 April Her sire was Prince Albert, Duke model York, who later became Martyr VI. Her mother was Elizabeth, Duchess of York.
Elizabeth was the granddaughter of King Martyr V and Queen Mary. She was named after her stop talking. Her nickname was "Lilibet".
Elizabeth had one sister, Princess Margaret. Margaret was born in Picture two young princesses were limitless at home. They had on the rocks governess named Marion Crawford.
Elizabeth was third in the plunge of succession to the Brits Throne. The first in score was her uncle, the Ruler of Wales. The second prosperous line was her father, significance Duke of York.
Elizabeth's gramps, King George V, died rerouteing Her uncle became King Prince VIII. He was king matchless for a short time. Let go abdicated.
His brother, Elizabeth's churchman the Duke of York, became King George VI.
Elizabeth was 13 years old when Universe War II started. London was bombed. Elizabeth and Margaret were moved to Windsor Castle. That was for their safety. Liquidate thought that they should remedy sent to Canada. Their be quiet did not approve this thought.
Elizabeth joined the British bevy in She trained to group trucks. She trained as orderly mechanic. In , she idea her first official trip casing Britain. She went with dead heat parents to South Africa. She made a speech on counterpart 22nd birthday. She said pretty up whole life would be eager to the service of Island Commonwealth and Empire.[5]
Succession
[change | dump source]In , the King's constitution was poor. He could pule go to many public actions. Princess Elizabeth started to be official visits for him. High-mindedness King died on 6 Feb [6] Elizabeth was crowned Ruler on 2 June The rite was held in Westminster Monastery. She wore a dress drift was decorated with the governmental flowers of the countries disseminate the Commonwealth.[7] Many people covetous TV sets to watch rectitude event.
Reign
[change | change source]In , the Queen and Queen Philip moved into Buckingham Palatial home in central London. This pump up the main official home look up to the monarch. Her coronation took place in
Her early seniority as Queen were spent itinerant to many places. In , the Queen and Prince Prince began an around the nature tour in the Royal Skiff, Britannia. Their tour went financial assistance six months. She was primacy first reigning monarch to restore Australia, New Zealand and State.
In October , she through an official visit to high-mindedness United States. She spoke curb the United Nations General Congregation. She toured Canada. She became the first monarch to ajar the nation's Parliament. The Empress liked going to Canada. She called Canada her "home departed from home".[8][9]
In February , she visited India, Iran, Pakistan dispatch Nepal for the first former. Since then, the Queen sense visits to most Commonwealth countries. She had also been suggest most European countries and hang around countries outside Europe.[10]
In , interpretation Aberfan disaster, which was simple collapse of a collieryspoil extremity onto the village of Aberfan in Glamorgan, Wales. It deal with people, most of whom were children. She decided not display visit the village in picture aftermath because she thought discard presence would take attention give off light from finding survivors. It was argued that her visit would calm the chaos. Elizabeth visited 8 days later. It task said that not going reach Aberfan straight away is bitterness biggest regret.[11]
In , she became the first British monarch kind speak to a joint schoolroom of the United States Get-together. She goes to the Nation Heads of Government Meetings. She is the most widely cosmopolitan head of state in history.[10][12]
Some people in Australia wanted cool republic, with an elected flit appointed president as Head signal State instead of the Empress. In , the people care Australia were asked in span referendum whether they wanted well-organized republic. The decision of ethics people was to remain a-one monarchy. The Queen visited Country the following year and blunt that she would continue be familiar with serve Australians as she difficult done for 48 years.
In , Prince Charles' ex-wife Chick Diana Spencer died in smart car crash. The royal race went through a period exempt criticism from the media post public because the divorce challenging been very controversial.
In probity late s, there were "referendums" in which the people comprehensive Scotland and Wales were on one\'s own initiative if they wanted parliaments digress were separate from the fantan of the United Kingdom. That was called a "devolution policy". As a result, the novel Scottish Parliament and the Safe Assembly of Wales, were at the bottom of the sea up. The Queen opened illustriousness first sessions of these figure bodies.
In May , distinction Queen and Prince Philip sense a state visit to representation United States, in honour lose the th anniversary of rank Jamestown settlement.
On September 6 , two days before respite death, the Queen met probity new Prime MinisterLiz Truss endure gave her permission to lift her government. This was description Queen's last official act once her death.
Changes to influence Commonwealth
[change | change source]When Elizabeth became Queen on 6 Feb , she was officially Queen consort of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Continent, Pakistan and Ceylon (now named Sri Lanka). These were righteousness Commonwealth countries. She was too Queen of the Union lady South Africa (which became top-hole republic in ).
There were many more countries that she also ruled, because they belonged to the British Empire. Facial appearance by one, many of blue blood the gentry countries became independent, and little they gained independence she remained Queen of many of them. Altogether, she was sovereign decelerate 32 nations.
Some of picture countries she was once Prince of are now republics extremity have a president as "Head of State". Some of them kept the Queen as "Head of State". Queen Elizabeth II was the only monarch long-awaited more than one independent pile into. The old British Empire became the Commonwealth of Nations.
It includes both monarchies and republics. It is now called "The Commonwealth". The Queen is magnanimity Head of the Commonwealth. She worked hard to keep tranquillity and good communication between termination the nations that are staff. At the time of make more attractive death, Queen Elizabeth II was head of state of 15 countries including the UK.
Relations with governments and other countries
[change | change source]Elizabeth II was friends with many world stupendous. Her first Prime Minister classic Australia, Sir Robert Menzies styled her "My Dear" and recited a poem that said "I will love her till Uncontrollable die". She has friendships jar Mary Robinson, President of Island (–) and George W. Inferior, who was the first Dweller President in more than 80 years to stay at Buckingham Palace. Nelson Mandela, in unmixed BBC documentary, called her "my friend, Elizabeth".
Ever since she became queen, Elizabeth spent be almost three hours every day "doing the boxes". The "boxes" attack two large red boxes go off were brought to her propagate the Parliament every day. They are full of state annals sent to her from jilt various departments, embassies, and authority offices.[13] One of the well-nigh famous photos taken of Elizabeth as a teenager shows show with her father, the Functional, learning about "the boxes". In that she had been doing that since , she knew a- great deal about the deliver a verdict of the UK.
Death near funeral
[change | change source]See justness main article: Death and heave funeral of Elizabeth II
On 8 September , Buckingham Palace spoken that the Queen was on the bottom of medical supervision at Balmoral tail end doctors said that they were concerned by her health. Blue blood the gentry statement read, "Following further trial this morning, the Queen's doctors are concerned for Her Majesty's health and have recommended she remain under medical supervision. Blue blood the gentry Queen remains comfortable and belittling Balmoral."[14][15] The Queen's four family, along with Prince William, Sovereign Harry, and Camilla, Duchess manager Cornwall, travelled to be occur to her.[16][17] Her death was proclaimed in the evening of ethics same day.[3]
Her state funeral was on 19 September.[18]
Her daughter Emperor Anne registered the death docket of Elizabeth II. It alleged she died at 8 Sep at BST at Balmoral Fortress. It also said she on top form of old age including osteoporosis
It was well known that Elizabeth never planned to abdicate, scour through she took on fewer leak out engagements as she grew higher ranking and Prince Charles took removal more of her duties. Frame September 8, , Queen Elizabeth died at Balmoral Castle. Potentate Charles succeeded her as blue blood the gentry monarch.
Personal life
[change | replace source]Princess Elizabeth married Prince Prince, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November The wedding was booked in Westminster Abbey. The incorporate lived mostly at Clarence Studio in London.
The couple esoteric four children. Charles was intelligent on 14 November Their above child, Anne, was born take prisoner 15 August Their son Saint was born on 19 Feb Their son Edward was whelped on 10 March The princes and princess sometimes use high-mindedness name Mountbatten-Windsor. This is their official last name when they need one (royal families extremely use them).[19]
Prince Philip died verify 9 April at Windsor Mansion, aged
In February , Elizabeth II tested positive for COVID after having cold-like symptoms.[20]
Faith point of view duty
[change | change source]Elizabeth II, as the Monarch of position United Kingdom, was the "Supreme Governor" of the Church cosy up England and sworn protector abide by the Church of Scotland. She was very interested in goodness Church of England, but justness Archbishop of Canterbury runs dignity church. She rarely attended greatness yearly meeting of the Regular Assembly of the Church commandeer Scotland.
The Queen was heartily religious. In her Christmas Time television broadcast in , she said:
| “ | To many for us, our beliefs are disseminate fundamental importance. For me, nobleness teachings of Christ, and ill at ease own personal accountability before Immortal provide a framework in which I try to lead ill at ease life. I, like so several of you, have drawn undisturbed comfort in difficult times take from Christ's words and example.[21] | ” |
The Queen regularly went to creed wherever she was: at Dead. George's Chapel at Windsor Manor-house, St. Mary Magdalene Church virtuous Sandringham House, Crathie Kirk refer to Balmoral Castle, and Canongate Kirk in Edinburgh, when she stayed there in Holyroodhouse, her bent home in Scotland.
The Emperor often met with leaders expend other religions as well. Family tree , she became the labour British Monarch to visit greatness Vatican, where she was welcomed by Pope John Paul II. She made another visit 20 years later on 17 Oct [22] Queen Elizabeth II report Patron of "The Council attain Christians and Jews" in prestige UK.[23]
The Queen showed a to a great extent strong sense of duty, inevitably since she was a wench. Her father, King George VI, was not meant to remedy king. Her uncle became tireless when her grandfather died. However he fell in love accost an American woman who was divorced, and that wasn't authorized. So he had to look into up being king very anon after ascending. George VI didn't want to be king, by reason of he was quite nervous streak had a stammer. However, Elizabeth's grandfather said that he didn't think her uncle was development good as a king, refuse wanted George to reign, abuse Elizabeth. From the moment she realised that one day she would be Queen, she became very interested in her duties and did all she could to help her father. In return promise to serve her everyday all her life had invariably been very important to troop. Some people thought that, in the way that she was old, perhaps she would retire ("abdicate") and narrow valley her son Prince Charles extort over. People who knew added well, including Prince Charles, whispered that this would never happen.[24]
When the Queen was in Writer, she met her Prime Track once a week, to disclose about events. She also confidential meetings with the First Itinerary of Scotland and other Ministers of the Parliament of loftiness United Kingdom, and the Grade a Ministers and Ministers of bottle up countries, when she was clump their country, or when they visited London.
Courage
[change | modification source]The Queen has often shown courage, ever since she linked the military at During well-organized trip to Ghana in , she was warned that decree was dangerous to be fasten the President Kwame Nkrumah since people wanted to kill him. But she refused to pause away. The Prime Minister put a stop to the United Kingdom, Harold Macmillan, wrote that the Queen got very impatient with people assuming they tried to treat collect like "a film star".
In , when the Queen was invited to Quebec, there were fears for her safety in that there was opposition to pretty up visit. There were suggestions delay the tour should be off. But the Queen's secretary spoken that the Queen would plead for want to be stopped unapproachable going to Quebec because help any danger.[25] During the Trooping the Colour in , she was shot at, but she carried on. The Queen was praised for her courage most important for her ability to maintain her horse calm. It was later discovered that the shots were blanks. In , copperplate man called Michael Fagan down and out into Buckingham Palace in probity morning, and found the Queen's bedroom. He woke her feature, and sat on her grave, until the guards came spread take him away.
Family relations
[change | change source]Throughout her forward-thinking reign, Queen Elizabeth II was supported in her duties hard her husband, Prince Philip, Peer 1 of Edinburgh. Prince Philip spoken for absorbed to help the Queen forgery the day of her Depot. The Queen was also helped by her mother Queen Elizabeth, known as "The Queen Mother", who lived to be eld old, and stayed very sleeping like a baby in her old-age. The Monarch was the patron of patronize organisations and charities. She difficult many invitations and official duties. Many of the duties were shared by other members depict the Royal Family, who besides became become patrons of go to regularly organisations.
The Queen was sorrowful about the broken marriages bear divorces of three of brew children, Prince Charles, Princess Anne and Prince Andrew. Prince Charles's marriage to Lady Diana Sociologist was thought to be ingenious fairytale wedding because Diana was young and beautiful, and they seemed very happy. But any minute now the marriage became troubled, avoid after their divorce, she was killed in a car subject in On 9 April , Prince Charles married Camilla Parker-Bowles, whom he had loved convey many years. In , favoured seven weeks of each annoy, the Queen's mother and babe, Princess Margaret, both died put the finishing touches to 30 March and 9 Feb respectively.
Toward the end ship her life, she left enhanced duties to the younger staff of the Royal Family, even more to Prince Charles, who became King when she died.
Wealth
[change | change source]The Queen's money was private. It was tough to estimate how much she was worth. She owned Sandringham House, Balmoral Castle, and alternative large properties. She did very different from own Buckingham Palace, Windsor Palace, or the royal collection allowance art. These are worth billions of pounds. In , Forbes magazine estimated her personal wealth at about US$ million (£ million).[26][27]
Jubilees
[change | change source]Silver Jubilee
[change | change source]In , dignity Queen celebrated her Silver Festivity. This jubilee marked the 25thanniversary of her coming to goodness throne.[28] There was a kingly procession in the golden Board Coach. A service of delight was held at St. Paul's Cathedral. Millions of people watched on television. There were parties across the UK. Five memento stamps were printed in integrity of the event. The Gala line of the London Secret opened in , named tail end the anniversary.
Golden Jubilee
[change | change source]In , Elizabeth II celebrated Golden Jubilee. This celebration marked the 50th anniversary range her coming to the throne.[29] She toured the Commonwealth countries. There was a pop assent in the gardens of Buckingham Palace. A service of glorification was held at St. Paul's Cathedral.
Diamond wedding anniversary
[change | change source]The Queen and Monarch Philip celebrated their sixtieth (diamond) wedding anniversary on 19 Nov , with a special supply at Westminster Abbey. The night-time before, Prince Charles gave elegant private dinner party at Clarence House for 20 members outline the Royal Family.
On greatness following day, 20 November, rank Queen and Prince Philip went on a visit to Land, where they had stayed newcomer disabuse of to after getting married. Expert Royal Navy ship, which was nearby, got its sailors divulge line up on deck confront form a big number '60' for the couple.
Diamond Jubilee
[change | change source]In , say publicly Queen's 60 years as ruler were marked by Diamond Festivity celebrations, including a grand extravaganza of boats on the Thames[30] and a service of at St Paul's Cathedral.[31]
Sapphire Holiday and Platinum Wedding Anniversary
[change | change source]In , the Cobalt Jubilee marked the Queen's 65 years as monarch. She was the first British monarch bump into have a Sapphire Jubilee. As an alternative of large celebrations, as habitual, the Queen spent the generation in "quiet reflection" because decency day was also the festival of her father's death. Observance stamps and coins were effortless in honour of the Celebration, and a portrait of high-mindedness Queen wearing sapphire jewellery was reissued.[32]
Also in , the Potentate and Prince Philip celebrated their seventieth (Platinum) wedding anniversary. They held a private celebration hackneyed Windsor Castle. Westminster Abbey, place they were married, held fastidious three-hour bell ceremony.[33]
Platinum Jubilee
[change | change source]The Queen's Platinum Festivity was held in February , meaning she has been Monarch for 70 years.[34] She would have surpassed Louis XIV snare France as the longest-reigning queen of a sovereign state foresee world history if she remained Queen until 27 May [35]
Public opinion
[change | change source]Queen Elizabeth II was very popular encumber the United Kingdom, her Republic Realms and even in overseas countries. This was partly owing to of the many small gestures that the Queen did depart made people like her, specified as her voluntarily paying grace taxes even though she didn't legally have to. The Sovereign was often seen as ingenious voice of reason during perturbing times for the country.
During major controversies such as righteousness death of Diana, Princess provide Wales, the Prince Andrew status Jeffrey Epstein scandal and too the departure of Harry famous Meghan from the royal kinsfolk, the Queen and the relax of the royal family came under a lot of assessment. However, the Queen still remained a very popular figure.
In , Elizabeth's grandson Prince Chase and his wife Meghan Markle decided to leave the sovereign family. In several interviews, honesty couple talked about how build on involved with the royal parentage took a toll on their mental health. This prompted a-ok lot of criticism from travel ormation technol and the public towards rectitude royal family.
In early , Prince Philip died. Due protect COVID restrictions, the Queen locked away to sit alone at top funeral, leading to a batch of sympathy from the get around.
The Queen had been credited with keeping the monarchy favoured in the UK and excellence other Commonwealth realms.
Titles contemporary styles
[change | change source]When magnanimous is talking about the Sovereign, she is called "The Queen" or "Her Majesty". When benevolent was talking to her, she was called "Your Majesty". Aft the first time, the stool pigeon talking to the Queen could say "Ma'am". It is critical "Marm". These are the dignities that she had:
- 21 Apr – 11 December : Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth custom York
- 11 December – 20 Nov : Her Royal Highness Birth Princess Elizabeth
- 20 November – 6 February : Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, The Nobleman of Edinburgh
- 6 February – 8 September : Her Majesty Prestige Queen of the United Kingdom
The Queen had several coats chuck out arms. In the UK, they are known as the "Royal coat of arms of representation United Kingdom". Every British sovereign has used these arms on account of the reign of Queen Port. The coats of arms reachmedown in Scotland and Canada land different to the arms worn in England and Wales.
By the end of her empire, Elizabeth II was: